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The timeless art of puppetry: Cultivating creativity, education, and cultural heritage

Remember when Sesame Street’s Big Bird made us smile or Bert and Ernie, the inseparable duo, had us rolling on the floor laughing? How about their beloved Pinoy counterparts Pong Pagong and Kiko Matsing of 90’s hit children’s television show Batibot?

When the conversation turns to puppets, it often lands at the doors of these educational children's television shows that combine puppetry with live-action, sketch comedy, and animation. 

But puppetry is more than simply making us laugh; it's a form of entertainment, producing complicated storylines and serving as an appropriate cultural expression and education instrument. It's not all fluff and feathers; there's some actual puppetry going on!

Playing with friendly puppets is a great way to help a child develop socially and emotionally.

Given its engaging style, puppet communication helps children develop their language and communication skills by helping them learn new words, speak clearly, and understand grammatical rules. 

Children improve their attention, concentration, and general listening skills as they actively listen to puppet stories.

PIA Puppet Theater’s (formerly NMPC Puppet Theater) Petra and Enggoy

Do you know Enggoy?

Enggoy is a pioneer puppet from the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) Puppet Theater Group, formerly recognized as the National Media Production Center (NMPC) Puppet Theater. 

Enggoy and his puppet friends embarked on a nationwide journey, weaving through different corners of the country to impart knowledge and joy since 1979. His mission was mainly geared towards reaching out to children who do not have access to television, the internet, or any other form of modern technology.

The government's dedication to community participation, education, and cultural enrichment is demonstrated by its support of such activities. 

With its origins as a government organization, the PIA Puppet Theater is an outstanding example of how public funds may be used imaginatively to assist the underprivileged. 

It offers hope, education, and a feeling of wonder to those who might otherwise be left out due to technological modernization.

The Pinoy Puppetry

Exploring the intersection of art and history: Marc Vincent P. Cosico's Carilyo Cart Project at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, August 22, 2019. A fusion of sculpture and functionality reimagining the traditional carrillo. (photo courtesy of CCP)

1800

The Philippines' lively puppetry tradition began to take root in the late 1800s when Pampanga, a province in Central Luzon, saw the appearance of small carts called 'carillo' or 'potei' in Chinese, 'titire,' 'kikimut,' which were derived from the Spanish term for 'títere.' These quirky objects wandered the streets, revealing fascinating shadow plays with cardboard figure performances.


1879

The first carrillo shows recorded in history occurred on Calle Magdalena in 1879. Later, in 1893, these captivating puppetry shows took to the streets of Calle Crespo in Manila's busy Quiapo area. Actor and producer Navarro Peralta added much more detail to the story of this emerging art genre in 1896.

Initial renditions of the carrillo sometimes featured 'moro-moro' stories, Spanish comedies in which Christian heroes defeat Muslim rivals. In Calamba, Laguna, this unique form found a comfortable home. 


There, the national hero José Rizal, then a young man, had amusing interactions with these shadow puppets during his early years.

For the last century, three towering higantes, or enormous puppets, have brightened the yearly parade in Angono, Rizal, in honor of San Clemente, the patron saint of fishermen (celebrated on November 23). 

Standing at an astonishing 3 meters tall, these statues known as mag anak (father, mother, and kid) have bamboo bodies and papier-mâché heads. 

Each higante, dressed in bright and vivacious outfits, is expertly managed by one individual within the puppet.

Since 1987, the tradition has grown into a magnificent performance, including multiple figures symbolizing the city's districts (barangays). This festive event, sponsored by the Department of Tourism, has adopted current techniques, using Plaster of Paris and resin to make modern higante figures. 

Notably, the Mantawi Festival on May 7 in Cebu City includes more modern versions that provide a vivid and dynamic twist to classic parade-style figures.

1970

The lively 1970s is known as the beginning of contemporary Filipino puppetry. 

Higantes Festival in Angono, Rizal. (photo courtesy of Province of Rizal)

Puppetry made its theatrical debut in the Philippines around this time, drawing audiences' attention and becoming an important theater component for younger audiences. 

This was an important turning point that expanded the possibilities for puppetry expression and gave young energy to the existing art form.

Numerous organizations and puppeteers have surfaced in the colorful world of Filipino puppetry, each specializing in unique puppet styles to carve out a place for themselves. 

The range of styles includes the artistry of black theatre technique, the intimacy of glove puppets, the miniature worlds of tabletop puppetry, the graceful movements of string puppets, and the comedic charm of ventriloquism. 

From the lively and whimsical antics of Muppet-style rod puppets to the entrancing shadows cast by shadow puppets inspired by Asian models.

As we observe National Arts Month in the Philippines this February, Enggoy continues to be a timeless symbol of joy and learning, guiding a group of other puppet friends in the admirable task of entertaining and educating young minds. Time hasn't stopped Enggoy and his puppet friends from fulfilling their mission to spread happiness and teach the next generation important values. 

Their continued success in puppetry shows how appealing their shows have been for a long time and how committed PIA Puppet Theater Group has been to their craft. 

These puppets demonstrate the timeless value of puppetry as a medium for education as they fascinate audiences and weave a thread of humor and knowledge that crosses generations.

To know more of Enggoy and the PIA Puppet Theater Group visit their Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/PIAPuppetTheater (GLDG/PIA-NCR)

About the Author

Gelaine Louise Gutierrez

Information Officer II

National Capital Region

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